ABSTRACT
Background: It was compulsory to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during Covid-19 pandemics. For health care workers, adverse skin reactions due to PPE usage and hand hygiene protocol were considered as occupational skin dermatoses (OSD). Objectives: To characterize adverse skin reaction due to PPE in health care workers before and during Covid-19 pandemics in tertiary hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A hospital-wide survey was conducted and the staffs were asked to answer questions via online form to compare adverse skin reaction before and during pandemic. The survey was a modified NOSQ-2002 with the addition of skin adverse reaction from face shield and googles, hand hygiene protocol, gloves, medical masks, N95 masks, coverall and gown, head cap, boot, and respiratory masks. Results: A total of 151 responses from health care workers were collected. Mean age of respondents was 34.1 years, with the majority being doctors (59.61%). The percentage of occupational dermatoses was increased during the pandemics, 34.44% (before the pandemics) vs 47.68% (during the pandemics). N95 masks had the largest percentage of OSD during pandemics (12.58%). Both before and during the pandemics, the most common location of skin problems was cheek, the percentage were 7.95% and 12.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the number of skin-related complaints were increased during the pandemics. Alcohol-based hand rub also related to adverse skin reaction in hands. Conclusions: A hospital-wide survey was conducted to characterize occupational dermatoses in health care workers during Covid-19 pandemics. Recommendations should be put in place to prevent these adverse skin reactions due to PPE.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 is an emerging disease that commonly involves respiratory complaints, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. The effect of COVID-19 on pulmonary function is still unclear and only based on sporadic reports with a small sample size. This study aimed to compile evidence on the pulmonary function of patients who have recovered from COVID-19. METHODS Literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and CINAHL. Any types of studies published before June 26, 2020 and reported lung function tests of post-COVID-19 patients were included. Articles reporting data from early hospitalization were excluded. The risk of bias was measured using tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-analysis was done using a meta statistical package in R and presented in the random effects model. RESULTS 378 recovered COVID-19 patients in 7 studies were included. The lung function measurement periods were varied, ranging from 14 days after hospitalization to 10 weeks after receiving rehabilitation. Meta-analyses found that the pooled mean of diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide in recovered COVID-19 patients was lower than 80% predicted, whereas the other parameters were normal. The forced vital capacity and total lung capacity showing restrictive lung disorders were significantly lower in the severe COVID-19 survivors. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has a negative impact on lung function for at least several weeks in the recovery period. Diffusion and restrictive problems could be the main long-term consequences of COVID-19.